Electronic device including acoustically isolated passive radiator within a baffle space and related methods

ABSTRACT

An electronic device may include a housing having an audio output port therein, a display carried by the housing, and an internal partition carried within the housing and defining a baffle space behind at least a portion of the display. The electronic device may also include an audio output transducer carried by the internal partition and acoustically coupled to the audio output port, and a passive radiator within the baffle space, acoustically coupled between the audio output transducer and the display, and acoustically isolated from the audio output port.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to the field of electronics, and, moreparticularly, to the field of haptics.

BACKGROUND

Haptic technology is becoming a more popular way of conveyinginformation to a user. Haptic technology, which may simply be referredto as haptics, is a tactile feedback based technology that stimulates auser's sense of touch by imparting relative amounts of force to theuser.

A haptic device or haptic actuator is an example of a device thatprovides the tactile feedback to the user. In particular, the hapticdevice or actuator may apply relative amounts of force to a user throughactuation of a mass that is part of the haptic device. Through variousforms of tactile feedback, for example, generated relatively long andshort bursts of force or vibrations, information may be conveyed to theuser.

SUMMARY

An electronic device may include a housing having an audio output porttherein, a display carried by the housing, and an internal partitioncarried within the housing and defining a baffle space behind at least aportion of the display. The electronic device may also include an audiooutput transducer carried by the internal partition and acousticallycoupled to the audio output port, and a passive radiator within thebaffle space, acoustically coupled between the audio output transducerand the display, and acoustically isolated from the audio output port.Accordingly, the passive radiator may provide haptic feedback via thedisplay.

The passive radiator may include a radiator baffle enclosure carriedwithin the baffle space and having a radiator opening therein, aradiator mass, and radiator suspension coupling the radiator mass withinthe radiator opening, for example. The radiator baffle enclosure may becarried within the baffle space on an underside of the display, forexample.

The audio output transducer may be directed to an underside of thedisplay. The passive radiator may be directed to an underside of thedisplay.

The passive radiator may be spaced apart from the audio outputtransducer in the baffle space, for example. The audio output transducermay be laterally adjacent the passive radiator, for example. The displaymay be a touch-screen display.

Another device aspect is directed to an electronic device that mayinclude a housing having an audio output port therein, wirelesscommunications circuitry carried by the housing, and a display carriedby the housing. The electronic device may also include an internalpartition carried within the housing and defining a baffle space behindat least a portion of the display, and an audio output transducercarried by the internal partition and acoustically coupled to the audiooutput port. The electronic device may also include a passive radiatorwithin the baffle space, acoustically coupled between the audio outputtransducer and the display, and acoustically isolated from the audiooutput port. A controller may be coupled to the wireless communicationscircuitry, the display, and the audio output transducer. The controllermay be capable of performing at least one wireless communicationsfunction, and selectively operating the audio output transducer to drivethe passive radiator and provide haptic feedback via the display.

A method aspect is directed to a method of making an electronic devicethat includes a housing having an audio output port therein, and adisplay carried by the housing. The method may include mounting aninternal partition within the housing to define a baffle space behind atleast a portion of the display and mounting an audio output transduceron the internal partition so that the audio output transducer isacoustically coupled to the audio output port. The method may includemounting a passive radiator within the baffle space so that the passiveradiator is acoustically coupled between the audio output transducer andthe display, and acoustically isolated from the audio output port.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 a perspective view of an electronic device according to anembodiment.

FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the electronic device of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of the electronicdevice of FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of the electronic device accordingto another embodiment.

FIG. 5a is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of theelectronic device of FIG. 4.

FIG. 5b is a schematic top view of the serpentine tuning port of FIG. 5a.

FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of the electronic device accordingto another embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of theelectronic device of FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of an electronicdevice according to another embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a top view schematically illustrating a portion of anelectronic device according to another embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a top view schematically illustrating a portion of anelectronic device according to another embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter withreference to the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodimentsof the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied inmany different forms and should not be construed as limited to theembodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided sothat this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fullyconvey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Likenumbers refer to like elements throughout and prime and multiple primenotation is used to refer to like elements in different embodiments.

Referring initially to FIGS. 1 and 2, an electronic device 20illustratively includes a device housing 21 and a controller 22 carriedby the device housing. The electronic device 20 is illustratively amobile wireless communications device, for example, tablet computer. Theelectronic device 20 may be another type of electronic device, forexample, a cellular telephone, a wearable device, a laptop computer,etc.

Wireless communications circuitry 25 (e.g. cellular, WLAN Bluetooth,etc.) is also carried within the device housing 21 and coupled to thecontroller 22. The wireless communications circuitry 25 cooperates withthe controller 22 to perform at least one wireless communicationsfunction, for example, for voice and/or data. In some embodiments, theelectronic device 20 may not include wireless communications circuitry25.

A display 23 is also carried by the device housing 21 and is coupled tothe controller 22. The display 23 may be a touch screen display, forexample, or may be another type of display, as will be appreciated bythose skilled in the art. The display 23 may include a glass layer, forexample, a relatively thin protective glass, may be over the displaylayers, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.

A finger-operated user input device, illustratively in the form of apushbutton switch 24 is also carried by the device housing 21 and iscoupled to the controller 22. The pushbutton switch 24 may cooperatewith the controller 22 to perform a device function in response tooperation thereof. For example, a device function may include a poweringon or off of the electronic device 20, initiating communication via thewireless communications circuitry 25, and/or performing a menu function.Of course, there may be additional user input devices, for example, thedisplay 23 when it is in the form of a touch screen display, thatperform other and/or additional device functions.

Referring now additionally to FIG. 3, the electronic device 20illustratively includes a baffle enclosure 30 carried by the housing.The baffle enclosure 30 carries an audio output transducer, in the formof a miniature speaker 31. The speaker 31 is coupled to the controller22 and cooperates therewith to output audio, for example, music, devicestatus sounds, notifications, etc. Of course, the speaker 31 may outputother types of audio.

The baffle enclosure 30, and more particularly, the speaker 31 ispositioned or aligned so that it is acoustically coupled to an audiooutput port 32 in the bottom of the housing. The audio output port 32may be positioned elsewhere in the device housing 21. The speaker 31 isalso directed to an underside of the display 23 for providing hapticfeedback through the display, as will be explained in further detailbelow.

A passive radiator 40 is also carried by the baffle enclosure 30laterally adjacent the speaker 31. In other embodiments, the passiveradiator 40 and speaker 31 may not be laterally adjacent. The passiveradiator 40 is acoustically coupled to the display 23, and moreparticularly, between the speaker 31 and the display, and directed tothe underside of the display to also provide the haptic feedback throughthe display. The passive radiator 40 is also acoustically isolated fromthe audio output port 32, as will be explained in further detail below.In some embodiments, the passive radiator 40 may include non-metallicmaterials, for example, ceramic or porcelain. The passive radiator 40may be formed of other and/or additional materials.

The baffle enclosure 30 has a radiator opening 48 therein. The passiveradiator 40 includes a radiator mass 41 and a radiator suspension 42coupling the radiator mass within the radiator opening 48. The radiatormass 41 may be tungsten, and the radiator suspension 42 may includerubber and/or another relatively soft resilient material. The radiatormass 41 and the radiator suspension 42 may include other and/oradditional materials. The mass 41 may in the form of a disc-shaped body.

The acoustic isolation between the speaker 31 and the passive radiator40 is provided by a partition 35 within the housing 21 and outside thebaffle enclosure 30 between the speaker and the passive radiator.

To generate haptic feedback, the passive radiator 40 may be tunedthrough inertia and internal acoustic pressure. The tuning may beselected such that the fundamental frequency of the desired hapticresponse is about equal to the tuning frequency of the passive radiator40 for increased efficiency and reduced impact on audio performance. Atthe tuning frequency of the passive radiator 40, the speaker 31generally has a low excursion resulting in relatively low distortion inthe audio signals.

The passive radiator 40 vents acoustically into the housing 21, usingthe acoustic pressure to induce a distributed mechanical force oncomponents inside the housing, for example, the display. The mechanicalforce results in a vibration event on the exterior of the product. Forexample, the vibration event may be a flexing of the glass, which insome embodiments is secured via an adhesive at the ends and sprung inthe middle, anywhere between 5 and 10 microns.

During operation, the controller 22 may operate the speaker 31 at arelatively low frequency, for example, below 100 Hz. Operation below 100Hz, for example, may be inefficient for the speaker 31 with respect toaudibly hearing any sound, but operation at such a low frequency can befelt by a user, particularly when paired with the passive radiator 40and configured as described above. Accordingly, by selectively operatingthe speaker 31, haptic feedback is provided through the display 23. Insome embodiments, the haptic feedback may be in response to input viathe display 23, when the display is in the form of a touch screendisplay. In other words, it may be desirable to set the operationfrequency to a frequency equal to the resonance frequency of the passiveradiator 40. A frequency of 100 Hz may be considered a reasonablefrequency for the present embodiment.

A method aspect is directed to a method of making an electronic device20 that includes a housing 21 having an audio output port 32 therein anda display 23 carried by the housing. The method includes mounting anaudio output transducer 31 on a baffle enclosure 30 and mounting apassive radiator 40 on the baffle enclosure. The method also includesmounting the baffle enclosure 30 within the housing 21 so that the audiooutput transducer 31 is acoustically coupled to the audio output port 32and so that the passive radiator 40 is acoustically coupled between theaudio output transducer and the display 23, and acoustically isolatedfrom the audio output port.

Referring now to FIGS. 4 and 5, in another embodiment, instead of apassive radiator, a plurality of internal partitions 37′ are carried bythe baffle enclosure 30′ to define a serpentine tuning port 40′laterally adjacent the speaker 31′. In other embodiments, the serpentineport 40′ and speaker 31′ may not be laterally adjacent. The serpentinetuning port 40′ is acoustically coupled to the display 23′, and moreparticularly, between the speaker 31′ and the display. The baffleenclosure 30′ also has a tuning port opening 44′ therein, and theserpentine tuning port 40′ is directed to the underside of the display23′ to also provide the haptic feedback through the display. Theserpentine tuning port 40′ is also acoustically isolated from the audiooutput port 32′.

The baffle enclosure 30′ has first and second opposing sidewalls 36 a′,36 b′. The internal partitions 37′ illustratively are parallel andextend inwardly from the opposing first and second sidewalls 36 a′, 36b′, in an alternating fashion. In other embodiments, the internalpartitions 37′ may be configured differently, for example, to be tunedto a desired frequency for haptic feedback.

The serpentine tuning port 40′ is tuned, for example, by shape, length,width, etc., as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, for thedesired operational frequency for haptic feedback.

Similar to the passive radiator described above, the acoustic isolationbetween the speaker 31′ and the serpentine tuning port 40′ is providedby a partition 35′ within the housing 21′ between the speaker and theserpentine tuning port. More particularly, the partition 35′ extendstransverse to the sidewall of the device housing 21′ and a sidewall ofthe baffle enclosure 30′.

To generate haptic feedback, the serpentine tuning port 40′ may be tunedas noted above, but unlike the passive radiator, there is not aninertial component. Similar to the passive radiator, the serpentinetuning port 40′ vents acoustically into the housing 21′, using theacoustic pressure to induce a distributed mechanical force on componentsinside the housing, for example, the display 23′. The mechanical forceresults in a vibration event on the exterior of the electronic device20′. For example, the vibration event may be a flexing of the glass,which in some embodiments is secured via an adhesive at the ends andsprung in the middle, anywhere between 5 and 10 microns.

During operation, the controller 22′ may operate the speaker 31′ at arelatively low frequency, for example, below 100 Hz. Operation below 100Hz, for example, may be inefficient for the speaker 31′ with respect toaudibly hearing any sound, but operation at such a low frequency can befelt by a user, particularly when paired with the serpentine tuning port40′ and configured as described above. Accordingly, by selectivelyoperating the speaker 31′, haptic feedback is provided through thedisplay 23′. In some embodiments, the haptic feedback may be in responseto input via the display 23′, when the display is in the form of a touchscreen display. In other words, it may be desirable to set the operationfrequency to frequency equal to the resonance frequency of theserpentine tuning port 40′ A frequency of 100 Hz may be considered areasonable frequency for the present embodiment.

Additionally, the serpentine tuning port 40′ may be cheaper, in terms ofcost to manufacture and implement, than the passive resonator. Forexample, for larger displays, the mass on the passive radiator wouldhave to be relatively large to induce the distributed mechanical force,which may become relatively costly. As will be appreciated by thoseskilled in the art, if there is a large enough cross-sectional area, aserpentine tuning port may be more advantageous than a passive radiator.

A method aspect is directed to a method of making an electronic device20′ that includes a housing 21′ having an audio output port 32′ thereinand a display 23′ carried by the housing. The method includes mountingan audio output transducer 31′ on a baffle enclosure 30′ and mounting aplurality of internal partitions 37′ on the baffle enclosure to define aserpentine tuning port 40′ therein. The method includes mounting thebaffle enclosure 30′ so that audio output transducer is acousticallycoupled to the audio output port 32′, and so that the serpentine tuningport 40′ is acoustically coupled between the audio output transducer andthe display and to be acoustically isolated from the audio output port.

Referring now to FIGS. 6 and 7, in another embodiment, an internalpartition 35″ is illustratively carried within the housing 21″. Theinternal partition 35″ may divide the internal area of the devicehousing 21″ between relatively small and large spaces, the larger spacedefining a baffle space 46″. The baffle space 46″ is behind the display23″. It should be noted that the baffle space 46″ may be behind aportion of the display 23″ or may be behind all of the display. In otherwords, the baffle space 46″ may be a relatively large portion of theinterior of the device housing 21″ that carries circuitry, etc. and maybe more than half of the interior area of the device housing.

An audio output transducer in the form of a miniature speaker 31″ iscarried by the internal partition 35″ and is acoustically coupled to theaudio output port 32″. A passive radiator 40″ is within the baffle space46″ and is acoustically coupled between the speaker 31″ and the display23″. The passive radiator 40″ is also acoustically isolated from theaudio output port 32″.

The passive radiator 40″ is similar to that described above with respectto FIGS. 2 and 3, and includes a radiator baffle enclosure 30″, which iscarried within the baffle space 36″, a radiator mass 41″ and a radiatorsuspension 42″. In other words, the passive radiator 40″ is physicallyseparated within the device housing 21″ from the speaker 31″.

The acoustic isolation between the speaker 31″ and the passive radiator40″ is provided by the internal partition 35″ within the housing 21″ andoutside the baffle enclosure 30″ between the speaker and the passiveradiator. More particularly, the passive radiator 40″ is positionedwithin the device housing 21″ so that the one side of the mass 41″ isexposed to the acoustic flow, while another side of the mass is not.Using this arrangement, the passive radiator 40″ may be located anywherein the baffle space 46″. More than one passive radiator 40″ may bewithin the baffle space so long as the passive radiator is acousticallycoupled between the speaker 31″ and the display 23″, and is acousticallyisolated from the audio output port 32″.

To generate haptic feedback, the passive radiator 40″ may be tunedthrough inertia and internal acoustic pressure. It should be noted thatthe inertial component (i.e., reaction force) of the passive radiator40″ is in the opposite direction than the passive radiator describedabove with respect to the FIGS. 2 and 3. Thus, it may not beparticularly desirable to position the passive radiator 40″ adjacent aside of the housing 21″ opposite the display, as haptic efficiency maybe greatly reduced. Similar to the passive radiator described above, thepassive radiator 40″ vents acoustically into the housing 21″, using theacoustic pressure to induce a distributed mechanical force on componentsinside the housing, for example, the display 23″. The mechanical forceresults in a vibration event on the exterior of the product.

As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the volume of air Vbetween the passive radiator 40″ and the display 23″ may be particularlyimportant as it performs as an air spring, which in turn affects theresonance frequency of the passive radiator. Operation of the speaker31″ using the controller 22″ is similar to the embodiments describedabove.

Referring now briefly to FIG. 8, in another embodiment similar to theembodiment described above with respect to FIGS. 6 and 7, the passiveradiator 40′″ is mounted to the underside of the display 23′″ such thatairflow is permitted between the radiator mass 41′″ and the radiatorsuspension 42′″. In this arrangement, the actuation pressure P occurs onthe side of the passive radiator 40′″ facing the underside of thedisplay 23′″, with the passive radiator back volume V being in the spacebelow.

A method aspect is directed to a method of making an electronic device20″ that includes a housing 21″ having an audio output port 32″ therein,and a display 23″ carried by the housing. The method includes mountingan internal partition 35″ within the housing 21″ to define a bafflespace 46″ behind at least a portion of the display 23″, mounting anaudio output transducer 31″ on the internal partition so that it isacoustically coupled to the audio output port 32″, and mounting apassive radiator 40″ within the baffle space so that it is acousticallycoupled between the audio output transducer and the display andacoustically isolated from the audio output port.

Referring to FIG. 9, in another embodiment of the electronic device 20″″there may be a plurality of audio output transducer and passive radiatorpairs, and more specifically, for stereo operation, two pairs of audiooutput transducer and passive radiator pairs 31 a″″, 31 b″″, 40 a″″, 40b″″ carried by the housing 21″″. Each of the two pairs of audio outputtransducers and passive radiators 31 a′″, 31 b′″″, 40 a″″, 40 b″″ has arespective baffle enclosure and is similar to the audio outputtransducer and passive radiator described above with respect to FIGS. 2and 3. In particular, each audio output transducer 31 a″″, 31 b″″ isacoustically coupled to a respective audio output port 32 a″″, 32 b″″,and each and passive radiator 40 a″″, 40 b″″ is coupled between thepaired audio output transducer and the display 23″″ and acousticallyisolated from the respective audio output port. The controller 22″″ mayselectively operate the plurality of audio output transducers 31 a″″, 31b″″ to provide stereo sound, and may also provide localized or directedhaptic feedback through the areas of the display adjacent the passiveradiators 40 a″″, 40 b″″.

A method aspect is directed to a method of making an electronic device20″″ that includes a housing 21″″ and a display 23″″ carried by thehousing. The method includes mounting a plurality of audio outputtransducer and passive radiator pairs 31 a″″, 31 b″″, 40 a″″, 40 b″″carried by the housing 21″″, and coupling a controller 22″″ toselectively operate the plurality of audio output transducers.

Referring to FIG. 10, in another embodiment of the electronic device20′″″ there may be a plurality of audio output transducer and serpentinetuning port pairs, and more specifically, for quadraphonic operation,four pairs of audio output transducer and serpentine tuning port pairs31 a′″″-31 d′″″, 40 a′″″-40 d′″″ carried by the housing 21′″″. Each ofthe four pairs of audio output transducers and passive radiators 31a′″″-31 d′″″, 40 a′″″-40 d′″″ has a respective baffle enclosure and issimilar to the audio output transducer and serpentine tuning portdescribed above with respect to FIGS. 4, 5 a, and 5 b. In particular,each audio output transducer 31 a′″″-31 d′″″ is acoustically coupled toa respective audio output port 32 a′″″-32 d′″″, and each serpentinetuning port 40 a′″″-40 d′″″ is coupled between the paired audio outputtransducer and the display 23′″″ and acoustically isolated from therespective audio output port. The controller 22′″″ may selectivelyoperate the plurality of audio output transducers 31 a′″″-31 d′″″ toprovide quadraphonic sound, and may also provide localized or directedhaptic feedback through the areas of the display 23′″″ adjacent thepassive radiators 40 a′″″, 40 d′″″, for example, the four corners of thedisplay.

A method aspect is directed to a method of making electronic device20′″″ that includes a housing 21′″″ and a display 23′″″ carried by thehousing. The method includes mounting a plurality of audio outputtransducer and serpentine tuning port pairs 31 a′″″-31 d′″″, 40 a′″″-40d′″″ on the housing 21′″″, and coupling a controller 22′″″ toselectively operate the plurality of audio output transducers.

While two and four pairs of audio output transducer and passiveradiator/serpentine tuning port pairs have been described, it will beappreciated by those skilled in the art that the there may be any numberof audio output transducer and passive radiator or serpentine tuningport pairs. Moreover, in some embodiments, at least one pair may be anaudio output transducer and passive radiator pair while at least oneother pair may be an audio output transducer and serpentine tuning portpair. In other words, the plurality of pair may be mixed between audiooutput transducer and passive radiators pairs and audio output andserpentine tuning port pairs.

Many modifications and other embodiments of the invention will come tothe mind of one skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachingspresented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings.Therefore, it is understood that the invention is not to be limited tothe specific embodiments disclosed, and that modifications andembodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appendedclaims.

That which is claimed is:
 1. An electronic device comprising: a housinghaving an audio output port therein; a display carried by the housing;an internal partition carried within the housing and defining a bafflespace behind at least a portion of the display; an audio outputtransducer carried by the internal partition and acoustically coupled tothe audio output port, the audio output transducer being positionedrelative to the display to provide haptic feedback through the display;and a passive radiator within the baffle space, acoustically coupledbetween the audio output transducer and the display, and acousticallyisolated from the audio output port to also provide haptic feedbackthrough the display.
 2. The electronic device of claim 1 wherein thepassive radiator comprises a radiator baffle enclosure carried withinthe baffle space and having a radiator opening therein, a radiator mass,and radiator suspension coupling the radiator mass within the radiatoropening.
 3. The electronic device of claim 2 wherein the radiator baffleenclosure is carried within the baffle space on an underside of thedisplay.
 4. The electronic device of claim 1 wherein the audio outputtransducer is directed to an underside of the display.
 5. The electronicdevice of claim 1 wherein the passive radiator is directed to anunderside of the display.
 6. The electronic device of claim 1 whereinthe passive radiator is spaced apart from the audio output transducer inthe baffle space.
 7. The electronic device of claim 1 wherein the audiooutput transducer is laterally adjacent the passive radiator.
 8. Theelectronic device of claim 1 wherein the display comprises atouch-screen display.
 9. An electronic device comprising: a housinghaving an audio output port therein; wireless communications circuitrycarried by the housing; a display carried by the housing; an internalpartition carried within the housing and defining a baffle space behindat least a portion of the display; an audio output transducer carried bythe internal partition and acoustically coupled to the audio outputport, the audio output transducer being positioned relative to thedisplay to provide haptic feedback through the display; a passiveradiator within the baffle space, acoustically coupled between the audiooutput transducer and the display, and acoustically isolated from theaudio output port to also provide haptic feedback through the display;and a controller coupled to the wireless communications circuitry, thedisplay, and the audio output transducer, the controller configured toperform at least one wireless communications function, and selectivelyoperate the audio output transducer to drive the passive radiator andprovide the haptic feedback through the display.
 10. The electronicdevice of claim 9 wherein the passive radiator comprises a radiatorbaffle enclosure carried within the baffle space and having a radiatoropening therein, a radiator mass, and radiator suspension coupling theradiator mass within the radiator opening.
 11. The electronic device ofclaim 10 wherein the radiator baffle enclosure is carried within thebaffle space on an underside of the display.
 12. The electronic deviceof claim 10 wherein the audio output transducer is directed to anunderside of the display.
 13. The electronic device of claim 10 whereinthe passive radiator is directed to an underside of the display.
 14. Theelectronic device of claim 10 wherein the passive radiator is spacedapart from the audio output transducer in the baffle space.
 15. A methodof making an electronic device comprising a housing having an audiooutput port therein, and a display carried by the housing, the methodcomprising: mounting an internal partition within the housing to definea baffle space behind at least a portion of the display; mounting anaudio output transducer on the internal partition so that the audiooutput transducer is acoustically coupled to the audio output port andpositioned relative to the display to provide haptic feedback throughthe display; and mounting a passive radiator within the baffle space sothat the passive radiator is acoustically coupled between the audiooutput transducer and the display, and acoustically isolated from theaudio output port to also provide the haptic feedback through thedisplay.
 16. The method of claim 15 wherein mounting the passiveradiator comprises mounting a passive radiator comprising a radiatorbaffle carried within the baffle space and having a radiator openingtherein, a radiator mass, and radiator suspension coupling the radiatormass within the radiator opening.
 17. The method of claim 16 whereinmounting the passive radiator comprises mounting the passive radiator onan underside of the display.
 18. The method of claim 15 wherein mountingthe audio output transducer comprises mounting the audio outputtransducer to be directed to an underside of the display.
 19. The methodof claim 15 wherein mounting the passive radiator comprises mounting thepassive radiator to be directed to an underside of the display.
 20. Themethod of claim 15 wherein mounting the passive radiator comprisesmounting the passive radiator to be spaced apart from the audio outputtransducer in the baffle space.